The Opportunities for and Barriers to Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance by Lot Quality Assurance Sampling in Livestock: Findings from Interviews with Stakeholders in Germany

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat affecting humans, animals, and livestock. Surveillance using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) has shown promise in human health settings but needs more evidence. A study in Germany found that stakeholders were concerned about AMR in livestock and restrictions on antibiotic treatment options. While LQAS could reduce sample sizes and the need for antimicrobial susceptibility tests, concerns were raised about surveilling commensal bacteria, leading to further restrictions on antibiotic consumption and driving food production overseas. Early engagement is needed to agree on LQAS’s rationale and benefits.