Risk factors for antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales in dogs: a systematic review

This systematic review aimed to compile risk factors for the carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dogs worldwide and identify knowledge gaps for future research. The most frequently investigated risk factors were antimicrobial use, age, sex, hospitalization, and feeding raw diet. Antimicrobial use was the most common risk factor significantly associated with AMR-Enterobacterales, followed by raw diet and hospitalization. The review emphasized the importance of increasing awareness, strengthening infection prevention and control procedures, and educating caregivers about the potential risks of feeding raw diets.