Pricing, Procurement and Reimbursement Policies for Incentivizing Market Entry of Novel Antibiotics and Diagnostics: Learnings from 10 Countries Globally

This paper examines the role of pricing, procurement, and reimbursement policies in addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and improving antibiotic prescribing quality. The research, conducted in 10 G20 countries, found that incentives for novel antibiotics, diagnostics, and health products could be transferred to AMR health products. The incentives in pricing policies include free pricing, higher prices at launch, managed-entry agreements, and waiving or reducing mandatory discounts. Incentives in procurement include value-based procurement, pooled procurement, and subscription-based schemes. Incentives in reimbursement include lower evidence requirements, accelerated reimbursement processes, separate budgets, add-on funding, and adapted prescribing conditions. While some pull incentives have been piloted for antibiotics, they are mainly used to incentivize the launch of non-AMR health products, such as orphan medicines. The paper suggests that impact assessments of these incentives are necessary to assess their transferability.