Monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends in commensal Escherichia coli from livestock, the Netherlands, 1998 to 2016 separator commenting unavailable

This study aimed to optimise interpretation of AMR monitoring data by modelling resistance trends in commensal E. coli from livestock and to evaluate if any trends (and trend changes) were observed from 1998 to 2016. We developed a model that optimised the quantification of resistance trends and the detection of trend changes as a likely effect of interventions in indicator commensal E. coli from livestock. We conclude that monitoring in indicator commensal E.coli is valuable to evaluate resistance trends in livestock on animal population level. For nearly all antimicrobials in broilers and slaughter pigs, significant and quantifiable changes were observed in NL monitoring from 1998 to 2016. Significant decreases since 2009 were mostly preceded by significant increases from 1998 to 2009 and there was high similarity in trends for all antimicrobials within animal species.