Exploring bio-nanomaterials as antibiotic allies to combat antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern due to antibiotic abuse and misuse. Bio-nanomaterials, made from green precursors like biowaste, plant extracts, essential oil, microbes, and agricultural residue, offer a green, economical, sustainable, and renewable solution. These biomaterials can target pathogens at the molecular level, enhance the efficacy of existing antimicrobial agents, and deliver novel therapies. They can be used in combination with traditional antibiotics to mitigate resistance mechanisms, prolong treatment effectiveness, and reduce side effects. This review explores the potential of bio-nanomaterials in countering AMR, their applications in various domains, and their regulatory considerations. It also highlights the importance of green biomaterials in One Health Care, which will offer economic, non-polluting, non-toxic, anti-resistant, biocompatible, degradable, and repurposable solutions, contributing to sustainable development goals.