Emission Dynamics and Public Health Implications of Airborne Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance from Urban Waste Collection Facilities

This study investigates the role of household waste collection facilities (WCFs) in emitting airborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in a major city. It found that annual infection risks for waste-handling workers exceeded the World Health Organization’s limit of 10–4. Community exposure risks were significant up to 220 m downwind from WCFs. The study highlights the need to evaluate and mitigate public health risks posed by WCF emissions.