Antimicrobial resistance in global catfish aquaculture: Trends, control strategies, and public health implications

Aquaculture is facing increasing concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), primarily due to the use of antimicrobials, poor farming practices, and inadequate biosecurity measures. Factors contributing to AMR include overuse, regulatory shortcomings, environmental contamination, and horizontal gene transfer. The review focuses on catfish species and highlights the importance of understanding these factors to create effective monitoring programs and stewardship strategies. To mitigate AMR, policymakers and industry leaders must adopt stricter antibiotic regulations, regular AMR monitoring, ethical farming practices, and sustainable alternatives.