Role of Enterococcus in spreading antimicrobial resistance genes and its public health significance

Enterococci are Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, catalase-negative bacteria found in various environments and are a significant public health concern due to their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and disease-causing ability. They are the second most frequent cause of nosocomial bacteremia and are naturally resistant to antibiotics. This review explores how Enterococci resist antibiotics through intrinsic and acquired mechanisms, and emphasizes the need for strict infection control protocols and innovative therapeutic approaches. A multidisciplinary strategy integrating clinical care, microbiology, and public health initiatives is needed.