Gender and antimicrobial resistance: a conceptual framework for researchers working in livestock systems

The study aims to promote gender mainstreaming in future Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) research and policy implementation in livestock systems. It developed a conceptual framework and research questions to enhance gender-responsiveness. The framework identifies three key entry points for gender dynamics impacting AMR in agricultural systems: gendered antimicrobial resistance exposure, gendered antimicrobial use, and gendered outcomes of antimicrobial resistance infections. The research questions are categorized into integrated and strategic types, aiming to improve understanding of gender dynamics and norms in livestock systems. The next phase will involve real-life application to validate and refine the framework.