Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections

Multidrug-resistant worldwide, gram-negative bacterial infections are a major source of morbidity and mortality. The clinical importance of these infections is further highlighted by the ease with which they develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The most troublesome and prioritized pathogens are multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.). In response, a number of novel diagnostic tools, including as biochemical, molecular, genomic, and proteomic approaches, have been developed with the goal of quickly identifying AMR. The licensure of several antibiotics within the past ten years has also altered the approach to treating these difficult illnesses.