Challenges and applications of artificial intelligence in infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance

Antibiotics are a key part of the host-pathogen evolutionary arms race, but their efficacy declines as pathogens develop evasion strategies. The rise of drug-resistant pathogens has sparked interest in computational methods to expedite discovery. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to drug design, particularly in antibiotic discovery. This review discusses AI-facilitated advances in small molecule antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, emphasizing open science best practices and reproducibility for accelerating preclinical research.