Exploring probiotics as a sustainable alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters: mechanisms and benefits in animal health

This review explores probiotics as a sustainable alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in livestock due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Probiotics enhance animal productivity and immunity by producing antimicrobial compounds and competing with pathogens for nutrients. They strengthen the gut barrier, facilitating beneficial bacterial growth while suppressing pathogenic species. Studies show probiotic strains like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium inhibit pathogens like Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella. Further research and regulatory considerations are needed.