One Health AMR: past, present and future

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern due to the widespread use of the same antimicrobial classes for both humans and animals. Wildlife may access environmental sources of AMR, such as refuse facilities and waste water treatment plants, and humans share living spaces with companion animals, which can lead to cross-species transmission. AMR is predicted to result in 10 million deaths globally per annum by 2050, with a cumulative economic impact of over $100 trillion. To combat AMR, a multifaceted approach is needed, including prudent use guidelines, infection prevention and control, biosecurity, education and training, governance, antimicrobial stewardship, identifying credible alternatives, and monitoring both antimicrobial use and AMR.