Antimicrobial resistance among common bacterial pathogens in Indonesia: a systematic review

The WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) is used to monitor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in common bacterial pathogens. However, data on AMR prevalence in Indonesia is limited. A study involving 102 papers from Embase, PubMed, Global Health Database, and three Indonesian databases found that 21.6% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 18.3% of Escherichia coli, 35.8% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 70.7% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were carbapenem-resistant, 29.9% of Streptococcus pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant, and 22.2% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae increased over time in hospitals. However, data for other pathogens was limited. Implementing national AMR surveillance is a priority to address these gaps and inform context-specific interventions.