Global Burden of Fungal Infections and Antifungal Resistance from 1961 to 2024: Findings and Future Implications

Antifungal resistance (AFR) is a global public health issue, particularly affecting immunocompromised individuals. A One Health approach, including Antifungal Stewardship (AFS), is needed to address this growing problem. A comprehensive review of global studies published between 1961 and 2024 revealed an increase in fungal infections, particularly among immunocompromised patients. This has led to a rise in the use of antifungal agents to prevent and treat fungal infections, worsening AFR and increasing morbidity and mortality. By 2023, over 3.8 million people died from fungal infections. Addressing AFR remains a challenge due to the difficulty in treating antifungal-resistant infections and the limited number of antifungal agents. Solutions include raising awareness of AFR, researching new antifungal agents, and implementing AFS programs. Failure to address this global problem could lead to continued rising morbidity and mortality.